57435-J/57C435瑞恩57435-J/57C435瑞恩

 為了便于故障的及時解決，首先要區(qū)分故障是全局性還是局部性的，如上位機(jī)顯示多處控制元件工作不正常，提示很多報警信息，這就需要檢查CPU模塊、存儲器模塊、通信模塊及電源等公共部分。如果是局部性故障可從以下幾方面進(jìn)行分析。 

   1．根據(jù)上位機(jī)的報警信息查找故障。PLC控制系統(tǒng)都具有豐富的自診斷功能，當(dāng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)生故障時立即給出報警信息，可以迅速、準(zhǔn)確地查明原因并確定故障部位，具有事半功倍的效果，是維修人員排除故障的基本手段和方法。

   2．根據(jù)動作順序診斷故障。對于自動控制，其動作都是按照一定的順序來完成的，通過觀察系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)動過程，比較故障和正常時的情況，即可發(fā)現(xiàn)疑點(diǎn)，診斷出故障原因。如某水泵需要前后閥門都要打開才能開啟，如果管路不通水泵是不能啟動的。

   3．根據(jù)PLC輸入輸出口狀態(tài)診斷故障。在PLC控制系統(tǒng)中，輸入輸出信號的傳遞是通過PLC的I/O模塊實(shí)現(xiàn)的，因此一些故障會在PLC的1/0接口通道上反映出來，這個特點(diǎn)為故障診斷提供了方便。如果不是PLC系統(tǒng)本身的硬件故障，可不必查看程序和有關(guān)電路圖，通過查詢PLC的I/O接口狀態(tài)，即可找出故障原因。因此要熟悉控制對象的PLC的I/O通常狀態(tài)和故障狀態(tài)。

鄭娟萍

廈門仲鑫航自動化設(shè)備有限公司  

   4．通過PLC程序診斷故障。PLC控制系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)的絕大部分故障都是通過PLC程序檢查出來的。有些故障可在屏幕上直接顯示出報警原因；有些雖然在屏幕上有報警信息，但并沒有直接反映出報警的原因；還有些故障不產(chǎn)生報警信息，只是有些動作不執(zhí)行。遇到后兩種情況，跟蹤PLC程序的運(yùn)行是確診故障的有效方法。對于簡單故障可根據(jù)程序通過PLC的狀態(tài)顯示信息，監(jiān)視相關(guān)輸人、輸出及標(biāo)志位的狀態(tài)，跟蹤程序的運(yùn)行，而復(fù)雜的故障必須使用編程器來跟蹤程序的運(yùn)行。如某水泵不工作，檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)對應(yīng)的PLC輸出端口為0，于是通過查看程序發(fā)現(xiàn)熱水泵還受到水溫的控制，水溫不夠PLC就沒有輸出，把水溫升高后故障排除。

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