6ES7416-2FK04-0AB0西門子6ES7416-2FK04-0AB0西門子

CPU的構成
　　CPU是PLC的核心，起神經中樞的作用，每套PLC至少有一個CPU，它按PLC的系統(tǒng)程序賦予的功能接收并存貯用戶程序和數據，用掃描的方式采集由現場輸入裝置送來的狀態(tài)或數據，并存入規(guī)定的寄存器中，同時，診斷電源和PLC內部電路的工作狀態(tài)和編程過程中的語法錯誤等。進入運行后，從用戶程序存貯器中逐條讀取指令，經分析后再按指令規(guī)定的任務產生相應的控制信號，去指揮有關的控制電路。
　　CPU主要由運算器、控制器、寄存器及實現它們之間的數據、控制及狀態(tài)總線構成，CPU單元還包括外圍芯片、總線接口及有關電路。內存主要用于存儲程序及數據，是PLC*的組成單元。
　　在使用者看來，不必要詳細分析CPU的內部電路，但對各部分的工作機制還是應有足夠的理解。CPU的控制器控制CPU工作，由它讀取指令、解釋指令及執(zhí)行指令。但工作節(jié)奏由震蕩信號控制。運算器用于進行數字或邏輯運算，在控制器指揮下工作。寄存器參與運算，并存儲運算的中間結果，它也是在控制器指揮下工作。
　　CPU速度和內存容量是PLC的重要參數，它們決定著PLC的工作速度，IO數量及軟件容量等，因此限制著控制規(guī)模。

鄭娟萍

廈門仲鑫航自動化設備有限公司

PLC的通信聯網
    依靠*的工業(yè)網絡技術可以迅速有效地收集、傳送生產和管理數據。因此，網絡在自動化系統(tǒng)集成工程中的重要性越來越顯著，甚至有人提出"網絡就是控制器"的觀點說法。
    PLC具有通信聯網的功能，它使PLC與PLC 之間、PLC與上位計算機以及其他智能設備之間能夠交換信息，形成一個統(tǒng)一的整體，實現分散集中控制。多數PLC具有RS-232接口，還有一些內置有支持各自通信協(xié)議的接口。
    PLC的通信，還未實現互操作性，IEC規(guī)定了多種現場總線標準，PLC各廠家均有采用。
    對于一個自動化工程(特別是中大規(guī)模控制系統(tǒng))來講，選擇網絡非常重要的。首先，網絡必須是開放的，以方便不同設備的集成及未來系統(tǒng)規(guī)模的擴展；其次，針對不同網絡層次的傳輸性能要求，選擇網絡的形式，這必須在較深入地了解該網絡標準的協(xié)議、機制的前提下進行；再次，綜合考慮系統(tǒng)成本、設備兼容性、現場環(huán)境適用性等具體問題，確定不同層次所使用的網絡標準。

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ASML/SVG 859-0984-004A

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