傳感器的主要特點(diǎn)

傳感器的特點(diǎn)包括：微型化、數(shù)字化、智能化、多功能化、系統(tǒng)化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化，它不僅促進(jìn)了傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)的改造和更新?lián)Q代，而且還可能建立新型工業(yè)，從而成為21世紀(jì)新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。微型化是建立在微電子機(jī)械系統(tǒng)(MEMS)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)上的，已成功應(yīng)用在硅器件上做成硅壓力傳感器。

傳感器的主要分類

1、按用途分類

按用途可分為：壓力敏和力敏傳感器、位置傳感器、液位傳感器、能耗傳感器、速度傳感器、加速度傳感器、射線輻射傳感器、熱敏傳感器。

2、按原理分類

按原理可分為：振動(dòng)傳感器、濕敏傳感器、磁敏傳感器、氣敏傳感器、真空度傳感器、傳感器等。

3、按輸出信號(hào)分類

按輸出信號(hào)可分為：模擬傳感器、數(shù)字傳感器、膺數(shù)字傳感器、開關(guān)傳感器。

4、按其制造工藝分類

按其制造工藝可分為：集成傳感器、薄膜傳感器、厚膜傳感器、陶瓷傳感器，每種工藝技術(shù)都有自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和不足。由于研究、開發(fā)和生產(chǎn)所需的資本投入較低，以及傳感器參數(shù)的高穩(wěn)定性等原因，采用陶瓷和厚膜傳感器比較合理。

5、按測(cè)量目的分類

按測(cè)量目的分為：物理型傳感器、化學(xué)型傳感器、型傳感器。

6、按其構(gòu)成分類

按其構(gòu)成可分為：基本型傳感器、組合型傳感器、應(yīng)用型傳感器：是基本型傳感器或組合型傳感器與其他機(jī)構(gòu)組合而構(gòu)成的傳感器。

7、按作用形式分類

按作用形式可分為：主動(dòng)型傳感器和被動(dòng)型傳感器。主動(dòng)型傳感器又有作用型和反作用型，此種傳感器對(duì)被測(cè)對(duì)象能發(fā)出一定探測(cè)信號(hào)，能檢測(cè)探測(cè)信號(hào)在被測(cè)對(duì)象中所產(chǎn)生的變化，或者由探測(cè)信號(hào)在被測(cè)對(duì)象中產(chǎn)生某種效應(yīng)而形成信號(hào)。檢測(cè)探測(cè)信號(hào)變化方式的稱為作用型，檢測(cè)產(chǎn)生響應(yīng)而形成信號(hào)方式的稱為反作用型。

雷達(dá)與無線電頻率范圍探測(cè)器是作用型實(shí)例，而光聲效應(yīng)分析裝置與激光分析器是反作用型實(shí)例。被動(dòng)型傳感器只是接收被測(cè)對(duì)象本身產(chǎn)生的信號(hào)，如紅外輻射溫度計(jì)、紅外攝像裝置等。

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